THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  ILLINOIS 


NQN  CIRCULATING 

CHECK  FOR  UNBOUND 
CIRCULATING  COPY 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS, 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station 

CHAMPAIGN,  AUGUST,  1894. 


BULLETIN  NO. 


34- 


CONTENTS. 


EXPERIMENTS  WITH  WHEAT,  1893-94. 
EXPERIMENTS  WITH  OATS,  1894. 


EXPERIMENTS  WITH  WHEAT,  1893-94. 

Results  of  experiments  tried  with  wheat  on  the  Station  grounds  in 
the  season  1893-94  are  here  given,  with  reference  to  like  experiments  in 
previous  years. 

These  experiments  are  reported: 

No.  65.     Quantity  of  Seed. 

No.  1 1 6.     Test  of  Varieties. 

TEMPERATURE  AND  RAINFALL,  JULY,  1893,  TO  JUNE,   1894. 


July  1893,  to 
June  1894. 

Average  for 
10  years. 

Rain- 
fall. 

Temper- 
ature. 

Rain- 
fall. 

Temper- 
ature. 

July.. 

•  59 
.06 
3.62 
1.14 
2.98 
1.09 
1-95 
1-33 
2.41 
i.  80 
3-30 
1.78 

76.4 
71.1 
66.5 
53-3 
37-3 
30 
29.4 
24.7 
43-5 
51-4 
59 
73-4 

2-73 
3-45 
3.27 
3-27 
2.76 
2.47 
1-54 
3-42 
2.61 
3-19 
4-45 
5-04 

77-5 
74-6 
66.5 
54-6 
40.6 
27.1 

22.8 
29.7 

39 

52.4 
64.6 

7i 

August  

September  

October                                         .          .            ... 

November    ...            

December  ,  , 

January  ,  

February 

March                       

May.   . 

Tune                           •                                •••• 

Total  

22.05 



38.20 

401 


402  BULLETIN  NO.    34.  [August, 

Experiment  No.  116,  Wheat,  Test  of  Varieties. 

The  land  used  in  this  experiment  was  fairly  level  prairie  soil,  about 
one-half  lying  nearly  six  feet  lower  than  the  rest.  The  slope  from  the 
one  to  the  other  level  gave  to  several  of  the  plats  a  southeastern  expos- 
ure. The  others  were  nearly  level.  The  land  had  not  had  exactly  the 
same  treatment  in  former  years  in  the  application  of  manure,  but  no 
differences  in  the  crop  could  be  traced  to  this  cause.  In  1891-92  this 
land  had  been  in  wheat.  It  was  sown  to  wheat  in  the  fall  of  1892,  but 
the  crop  was  so  badly  injured  by  the  winter  that  oats  were  sown  in  the 
spring  of  1893.  The  land  was  plowed,  harrowed,  and  rolled  Sept. 
24th  to  Sept.  26th.  The  wheat  was  drilled  Sept  2yth  to  29th.  The 
ground  had  been  remarkably  dry,  but  two  inches  of  rain  having  fallen 
from  July  ist  to  Sept.  23d,  on  which  day  there  was  a  rainfall  of  1.79 
inches. 

Seventy-five  plats  each  i  by  8  rods,  or  1-20  of  an  acre,  were 
sown.  Seventy-two  of  these  plats  were  in  8  rows  of  9  plats  each.  The 
remaining  three  plats  were  placed  across  the  end  of  the  tract.  Spaces  of 
two  feet  were  left  between  the  sides  and  ends  of  the  plats.  The  drill 
used  was  a  five-hoe,  one-horse  drill,  set  to  sow  at  the  rate  of  six  pecks 
per  acre;  but  owing  to  differences  in  size  and  shape  of  the  kernels  of  the 
different  varieties  the  quantity  actually  sown  varied  from  6  to  S2/i  pecks 
per  acre. 

Sixty  varieties,  or  samples  under  different  names,  were  sown.  There 
were  four  duplicate  plats  of  one  variety,  six  plats  of  mixtures,  and  six 
plats  sown  at  different  rates  of  seeding.  The  wheat  made  but  very 
moderate  growth  during  the  autumn.  A  few  plats  with  southeastern 
exposure  were  evidently  injured  during  the  winter  or  early  spring. 
The  wheat  ripened  from  June  2yth  to  July  3d,  was  harvested  June  3oth 
to  July  3d,  three  or  four  plats  being  not  quite  so  mature  as  the  others  at 
the  latter  date.  The  wheat  on  all  the  plats  stood  well.  The  average 
yields  from  the  75  plats  was  at  the  rate  of  35.9  bu.  per  acre,  the  range 
being  from  17.4  to  48.4  bu.  Twenty-six  plats  gave  yields  of  over  40 
bu.  each,  and  nine  under  25  bu.  per  acre.  The  average  yield  of  the 
sixty  varieties  was  35.6  bu.  per  acre.  These  are  the  yields  of  the  plats  as 
separately  threshed.  The  "scattering"  wheat  from  the  75  plats  was 
sufficient  to  add  nearly  2  bu.  per  acre  to  the  average  yield,  but  it  was 
impossible  to  apportion  this  correctly  to  the  different  plats.  The 
average  weight  of  the  wheat  per  bushel,  as  threshed  and  without  special 
cleaning,  was  61.6  pounds  per  bu.,  the  range  being  from  58.5  to  63.5 
pounds.  The  wheat  from  six  plats  weighed  less  than  60  Ib.  per  bu. 
Thirty-seven  plats  of  bearded  wheat  averaged  35,  and  30  plats  of 
smooth  averaged  36.8  bu.  Thirteen  plats  of  wheat  classed  as  white 
averaged  34.7,  and  56  classed  as  brown  or  red  averaged  35.8  bu. 

The  average  yield  of  straw  was  at  the  rate  of   3,680   Ib.,  varying 
from  1,435  to  5,375   Ib.     On  each  of  31  plats  the  yield  of  straw  was  at 


1894-]  WHEAT  EXPERIMENTS,    1893-94.  403 

the  rate  of  more  than  4,000  and  on  12  less  than  3,000  Ib.  per  acre.  The 
average  number  of  stubs  on  one  square  foot  was  51,  the  range  being  from 
34  to  65.  The  average  height  was  44  inches,  the  range  being  from  38  to 
50  inches.  In  1892  the  number  of  stubs  on  a  square  foot  varied  from 
34  to  77.  The  height  in  that  year  varied  from  47  to  60  inches.  In  that 
year  wheat  harvest  was  unusually  late,  the  cuttings  being  made  from 
July  9th  to  i4th. 

The  average  weight  of  100  kernels  of  wheat  in  1894  was  3.35 
grams,  the  range  being  from  2.40  to  4.04.  In  1892  the  range  of  weight 
of  100  kernels  was  from  1.74  to  3.74  grams.  In  tests  made  at  the  Iowa 
Experiment  Station,  apparently  with  wheats  of  the  crop  of  1893,  the 
number  of  kernels  per  bu.  varied  from,  approximately,  490,000  to 
1,184,000,  with  an  average  of  770,000.  The  average  number  of  kernels 
per  bushel  of  the  wheat  grown  at  this  Station  this  year  was  a  little  over 
800,000;  the  extremes  being  about  600,000  and  1,130,000. 

With  the  exception  of  a  few  plats  the  yields  were  unusually  good. 
It  is  to  be  noted  that  the  year  ending  with  June,  1894,  was  one  of  unusu- 
ally light  rainfall,  the  total  being  but  22.5  inches,  and  of  this  but  18.27 
inches  fell  after  the  wheat  was  sown.  In  no  one  month  was  there  a 
great  rainfall,  3.30  inches  in  May  being  the  greatest. 

In  no  case  should  the  merit  of  a  variety  otherwise  apparently  valu- 
able be  determined  from  its  yield  in  any  single  year.  In  the  trials  here 
reported  the  variation  in  yields  of  different  plats  evidently  depended 
much  more  on  slight  differences  in  exposure  and  elevation  than  on  differ- 
ences in  variety.  The  greatest  difference  in  the  average  yield  of  the 
plats  in  the  8  rows  of  9  plats  each  was  4  bu.  per  acre,  while  the  difference 
in  yield  of  the  cross  rows  of  8  plats  was  14  bu.  per  acre.  Four  plats  of 
one  variety  were  sown  in  different  parts  of  the  tract  of  land.  The  yields 
of  these  were  at  the  rates  of  34.3,  35.2,  42.4,  and  46.3  bu.  per  acre.  The 
smallest  yields  were  from  plats  with  a  southeastern  exposure;  the  largest 
from  level  plats  on  slightly  lower  ground,  with  presumably  somewhat 
greater  natural  fertility. 

Through  the  kindness  of  Director  Thorne,  of  the  Ohio  Station,  at 
Wooster,  of  Professor  Latta,  of  the  Indiana  Station,  at  LaFayette, 
and  Director  Arrnsby,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Station,  at  State  College,  we 
are  enabled  to  give  the  yields  of  a  number  of  varieties  grown  at  each  or 
all  of  these  Stations.  The  comparatively  low  yields  at  the  Ohio 
Station  are  explained  as  due  to  excessive  drouth  at  time  of  sowing, 
which  prevented  the  growth  of  much  of  the  wheat,  and  also 
to  treatment  of  the  seed  with  a  too  strong  solution  of  copper  sulphate  de- 
signed to  destroy  stinking  smut  with  which  the  wheat  was  affected. 

At  this  Station  in  1894  the  varieties  giving  the  largest  yields  were 
New  Michigan  amber,  48.4;  Yellow  gypsy,  46.5;  Crate,  45.5;  Rock 
velvet,  45;  Royal  Australian,  44.7;  Currell's  prolific,  43.7;  Diehl  Medi- 
terranean, 43.7;  Missouri  blue  stem,  43.6;  but  it  would  not  be  safe  to 
make  this  fact  conclusive  evidence  of  the  superiority  of  these  varieties 


404  BULLETIN  NO.  34.  [August, 

over  others  tested.  The  wheat  crop  of  1893  was  a  failure.  In  1892 
the  best  yielding  varieties  were  the  following:  Hindustan,  Diehl  Medi- 
terranean, Dietz,  Tuscan  Island,  Lehigh,  Crate,  Tasmania  red.  Cur- 
rell's  prolific  also  gave  a  large  yield,  as  did  Nigger,  which  gave  a  yield 
of  40  bushels  in  1894.  In  trials  for  several  successive  years,  Valley 
stood  first  at  the  Ohio  Station,  second  in  Pennsylvania,  and  third  in 
Indiana. 

At  the  Ohio  and  Indiana  Stations  Velvet  chaff  (Penquite's)  has  been 
grown  as  a  standard  variety.  This  is  probably  the  same  variety  as 
that  grown  at  this  Station  under  the  name  Rock  velvet. 

The  variety  tests  for  two  years,  at  this  Station,  as  well  as  those  made 
in  the  other  states  named,  do  not  sustain  the  claims  made  for  wonderful 
productiveness  of  varieties  recently  introduced.  Some  of  these  seem  to 
be  identical  with  well  known  varieties. 

In  1 892  the  yields  of  each  of  four  plats  sown  with  a  mixture  of 
several  varieties  was  somewhat  greater  than  the  average  of  the  varieties 
composing  this  mixture.  Seed  from  these  mixtures  was  sown  in  fall 
of  1893.  In  but  one  case  was  the  yield  greater  than  the  average  yield 
of  all  the  plats,  and  in  but  one  was  it  greater  than  that  of  the  plats  ad- 
joining. 

The  Station  lias  no  seed  wheat  for  sale. 


i894.] 


WHEAT  EXPERIMENTS,   1893-94. 


405 


SECOND  CROP  GROWN  FROM  MIXTURES,   1893-4. 


Wt.    100 

T   Vi       vier 

Yield  p< 

sr  Acre. 

kernels, 
grams. 

bu. 

Straw, 
Ib. 

Grain, 
bu. 

Components  of  Mixture  A. 
*  Velvet  chaff  

Lehigh  

3-56 

60 

3555 

30.7 

Hindustan  

3-64 

63 

3955 

39.4 

Tasmania  red  

3-54 

62 

3990 

40.2 

Nigger.  . 

3.19 

60.5 

498-5 

4O   \ 

Diehl  Mediterranean.        .... 

3.66 

62.5 

4680 

43.7 

Tuscan  Island  ..                

4.01 

62.5 

3775 

38.7 

Miami  Valley  

3.38 

63.5 

3240 

30.7 

Bearded  Monarch 

3.36 

61.5 

3715 

39.4 

*Fairfield  . 

Average  of  above  ....        .        .  .          

3.54 

61.8 

3987 

37-9 

Yield  from  mixture  a  (av  2  plats) 

3.31 

62 

3020 

26  6 

Components  of  Mixture  B. 
W  yandot  red                                     .  . 

3-44 

62 

344° 

37-3 

Poole 

3-39 

62.5 

3325 

41  .2 

\Vitter                              

3-n 

62.5 

4180 

41 

*Sheriff 

*Hicks 

*Fultz 

Currell's  prolific 

3.23 

62 

39J5 

43-7 

2.97 

62.5 

43J5 

41.4 

Longberry                              .    ..            

3-33 

61.5 

3565 

37-9 

Early  ripe                             .          

3-29 

61 

433° 

33-i 

Average  of  above  

3.25 

62 

3867 

39-4 

Yield  from  mixture  b                             ...        .... 

3.20 

60.5 

4240 

39-3 

Components  of  Mixture  C. 

3.48 

62 

3425 

32.9 

Extra  early  Oakley  

3-39 

62.5 

3765 

37-2 

Crate    

3.87 

62 

4550 

45-5 

Average  of  above             .  .        

3.58 

62 

3913 

38.5 

3.29 

61 

3065 

29.6 

Components  of  Mixture  D. 
*Deitz      

Lebanon 

4    O4 

62 

4020 

40 

Theiss       •              .  .                .        

3    IO 

62   5 

3095 

74.7 

3.  57 

62 

3557 

37.3 

Yield  from  mixture  d  (av   2  plats)  . 

3   4O 

62   «; 

3447 

*7 

*Not  grown  in  1894. 

4o6 


BULLETIN  NO.  34. 


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M  ac         ac  ae         ac  ac  ac 

Condition         |  g.  .       ,  |f.  |f.  .  .  .  |  g.  |  g,  s-5553  -38:  s  -  =  1 
when  cut.  SS"""SwS"  S«2«  S^  S 

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kernels,  g. 

No.  Of  Stubs   on       txtxrx^-NcnminaowmoOMONoot^Ocn^-coorxmmmNcnTi- 

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Color  of 
chaff 

Color  of 
straw. 

Color  of 
,j.  kernel. 

Bearded  or 
Q  smooth, 

oo 

Height.       "3  |  5  5  $.  ^.  ^.  ^^  ^  ^  5. 5  £  ^.  *  ^^^^i-  ^  ^  M.  ^°.  ^^  a>aqq-*rt-^-^i^ThfxN«N 

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germinated  in      {^^  o>»  ^.  §,  8,38  Si'R^o'oooo  {Qoo    •  x3  oo  w  t»  ao  oiJCo?oo  c?>Ko  CTI»  t^oix:  Soooo  0100 
apparatus. 

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1 


Plat  No. 


1 894.] 


WHEAT  EXPERIMENTS,   1893-94. 


407 


M  TJ-  co  ^  »o  oS  "-1  Ooo  c*  O  >-» 


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408 


BULLETIN   NO.  34. 


\August, 


YIELDS  OF  VARIETIES  OF  WHEAT  NAMED  >AT  THE  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  OF  ILLINOIS, 
INDIANA,  OHIO,  AND  PENNSYLVANIA — SEASON  OF  1893-94. 


Variety. 


American  bronze 

Badger 

Bailey 

Beal 

Bearded  monarch 

Big  English 

Buckeye 

Canada  wonder 

Canadian   hybrid 

Crate 

Currell's  prolific 

Dale 

Deitz 

Democrat 

Diehl  Mediterranean.  . . . 

Dietz  longberry 

Earliest  of  all 

Early  Genesee  giant 

Early  red  Clawson 

Early  ripe 

Early  white  leader 

Egyptian 

Extra  early  Oakley 

Fairfield 

Finley 

Fulcaster 

Fultz 

Fultz  blue  stem 

Geneva 

German  emperor 

Gold  dust 

Golden  cross 

Golden  prolific 

Gypsy 

Harvest  queen 

Hickman , 

Hindustan 

Hybrid  Mediteranean. . , 

Improved  rice 

ohnson , 

ones'  American  bronze. 

ones'  square  head 

ones'  winter  fife , 

Kentucky  giant , 

Landreth , 

Lebanon 

Lehigh 

Longberry 

Longberry  red  Wabash. 

Martin's  amber 

McGhees'  red 

Mealy 

Mediterranean 

Miami  red 

Miami  Valley 

Miller's  prolific 

Missouri  blue  stem. . . . 

New  Columbia 

New  Michigan  amber. . 


Yields. 


Illinois.    Indiana.      Ohio.    Pennsylvania 


41-7 
29.8 
24.6 
17.4 
39-4 


34-9 
28.3 


45-5 
43-7 


25-1 
43-7 
37-6 


27 
33-1 

37 


37-2 


35-5 
32.5 


40.6 
43-1 


38.6 

39-4 
37-8 

32.9 
22.9 


38.7 


34-8 
40 
30.7 
37-9 


37-3 
41.4 


30.7 
38-2 
43-6 


48.4 


36.7 


41-3 
38.3 


30.9 
40.3 
32.2 


40.3 
39-7 


30.5 


40.7 
37-2 


35-3 
41.7 

43-5 
37-3 


29.1 


35-7 


19.2 
16.8 


12.5 
16.2 


16.9 
15 

18.5 


19.6 
M 

19.7 
18.8 

14-7 
21.4 
18.2 


14-5 
24.1 
12.6 

28.2 


19.4 
18.5 

19.8 
8.8 


ii. 8 
15-8 
27.2 

14.2 
10 

10 

13.8 


33.1 
15.2 
12.4 

20.7 

14.6 
32.2 
17.2 


26.4 


34 


28.5 

28 

31-8 

28.8 

28.1 

30.7 

25-1 


30.6 
32.1 

30.9 
33-5 
31-3 


32.3 


29-5 
29.9 


28.8 


28.7 
28.1 
30.1 


I894-] 


WHEAT  EXPERIMENTS,   1893-94. 


409 


YIELDS  OF  VARIETIES  OF  WHEAT  NAMED  AT  THE  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  OF  ILLINOIS, 
INDIANA,  OHIO,  AND  PENNSYLVANIA — SEASON  OF  1893-94 — Continued. 


Variety. 

Yields. 

Illinois. 

Indiana. 

Ohio. 

Pennsylvania 

New  monarch  .          .    . 

27 
4°-3 

37-2 
37 
33-2 

22.2 
29.2 

29.2 
2O 

21.7 
25.6 

3i 

36.6 
29.4 

3i.9 

28^4 
28.6 

38" 

29.1 
3L9 
35-3 

25.3 
29.4 

29.1 
3i-9 
30.4 
32.4 
28.2 

2s:3 

29.3 

29.8 

Nigger  

Ohio  blue  stem  

Ohio  early  ripe.  . 

34-2 
39.8 
41.4 
41.9 
41.2 

Ontario  wonder 

Oregon  

Pickaway  .      .    . 

Poole  

Post  

Pride  of  Illinois  .... 

33.7 
35-7 
36.5 

Raub's  black  prolific  

Red  Clawson  

Red  Fultz  

Red  Russian  

Red  wonder  

37-5 

Reliable  

Reliable  Minn  

42.9 
28.1 
34-9 

14.5 
15 

Roberts  

24.8 

Rochester  red  

Rock  velvet  ... 

45 

Roumania  

Royal  Australian  

44-7 
25 
32.7 

45-7 

9-9 

13.7 

Rudy  

Saskatchewan  

Sheriff  

Sibley's  new  golden 

19.2 
41.3 



".  5 
14.2 

22.2 
13-2 
15-2 
22.5 

13.7 
17.4 

Silver  chaff  

Surprise  ...    . 

Tasmania  red  . 

40.2 
34.7 
38.7 
38.3 

39-i 

37 
36 

Theiss  

Tuscan  Island 

Valley  

Velvet  chaff                

Weedlen  

Wicks 

Willits 

23.2 

36.7 

23:6 

30-7 
2O.  2 

18.2 

Wisconsin  triumph. 

Witter  

4i 

34-7 
41.1 

World's  Fair  

Wyandot  red 

37-3 
46.5 
39.2 

Yellow  gypsy 

Yuba  

BULLETIN  NO.  34. 


[August^ 


AVERAGE  YIELD  OF  VARIETIES  OF  WHEAT  FOR  A  SERIES  OF  YEARS  AT  THE  EXPERI- 
MENT STATIONS  IN  ILLINOIS,  INDIANA,  OHIO,   AND  PENNSYLVANIA. 


? 

0 

pr 

i 

2 

3 

4 
5 
6 

8 

9 
10 
ii 

12 
13 

M 

15 

16 

17 
18 

19 

20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 

I 

4 

c 

6 

7 

9 

10 

ii 

12 

13 

!<: 
15 

16 

17 
18 

Name  of  variety. 

Illinois. 

Indiana. 

Ohio. 

Penn. 

\v.  of  all 

°3  * 

§f 

P  3 

CD 
SF 

31 

°Zx 

o  » 

*  s 

P  3 

tt 

8? 
?» 

3* 

§1 

10 
10 
IO 
IO 
IO 
10 

W 

SF 
?1 

<$  X 

0    CD 
S    $ 

3   w 

I 

5 

i 
i 
5 
5 
5 

td 
8* 

31 

3.1 

u  • 
jT  o^ 

13 

21 
12 
13 
19 

16 
7 

12 
14 
14 

8 
17 
13 

8 

17 
8 
16 
7 
7 
13 
16 
ii 
14 
7 
14 

bd 
B? 

31 

34.2 
33-4 
32.4 
32.3 
31.9 
31.9 
31-3 
30.9 
30.8 

30.4 
30.4 
30.3 
30.3 
30.3 
29-5 
29.4 
29.1 

29 
28.9 
27.7 
27.6 
27.5 
27-4 
26 
24.7 

33-2 
32.5 
32.3 
31.9 
3i.8 

31.1 
30.6 

30.3 
30 
29-4 
28.4 

27-9 
27.9 

27.5 
26.2 

25.8 
24.9 
24-7 

Seven  or  more  trials. 
Poole  

?fi  7 

33.9 
35.2 
31.2 

31-7 
34-1 
32.9 

31.9 
31-3 
31.9 
29.1 
27.1 
27.4 
30.9 

Valley  ...            

i 
i 

38.3 

44  -7 

5 

31.1 

Royal  Australian  

76  8 

2 

I 

36 
43    7 

2 

29.1 

Diehl  Mediterranean 

Ontario  wonder  

32.4 

Martin's  amber 

2 

32  .3 

10 

7 
7 
7 

IO 

I 
I 

10 

I 

I 

30.6 
30.1 
31.6 
29 

31.9 
17.2 

16.2 

29.5 
33.  I 

13.7 

Wyandot  red  

2 

33-7 
36  1 

5 
5 

30.5 
26.2 

Missouri  blue  stem  

I 

13  fi 

Democrat  

27.7 

5 

28.2 

New  Michigan  amber 

I 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
I 

48.4 
37 
30.5 
33-5 
33-8 
26.8 

3i 
19.2 

II 

29.9 

Currell's  prolific 

5 
5 
5 
5 

i 

5 
5 
5 

5 
5 
5 

i 
i 
i 

30.5 
29.1 
27.1 
30.8 

35-3 
28 

27.9 
3i.i 

28]i 
23.7 

22.2 

29.4 
29-3 

18.2 

Theiss  

Mealy  

Dietz  longberry  red  

9 
3 

27.1 
33-4 

Rudy  

German  emperor  

Sibley's  new  golden  

7 
i 
i 
7 

28.8 
14.5 

22.2 
25.3 

Fulcaster  

2 
2 
2 
2 
2 

23.9 
24-5 
33-2 
31-6 
27.2 

8 
8 

28 
28.9 

New  monarch  

Extra  early  Oakley  

Improved  rice  

Miller's  prolific  

7 

25.7 

~ 

Three  to  Jive  trials. 
Oregon  

2 
2 

I 
I 
I 
2 
2 
2 
I 
2 
2 
2 
I 

35.i 

34-i 

16  5 

3 
3 

2 

3 

2 

5 
3 
3 
3 
3 
4 
3 

2 

4 
4 
5 
3 
4 

Witter  

Yellow  gypsv.  ... 

Hickman  
Geneva  

38.6 
35-5 
34 
39«6 

34-3 
45 
29-7 
35-3 
37-4 
37 

i 

37.2 

i 
i 

19.8 
28.2 

Loneberry  .  . 

3 

2Q    i 

Crate  

i 

i 

12.5 
22.2 

Bearded  monarch.      .    . 

Rock  velvet  

i 

15 

Miami  Valley  

i 
i 

28.7 
28.8 

.... 

... 

i 
i 

14.2 

8  8 

Hindustan           .... 

Early  white  leader    

i 

18  8 

Willits... 

3 
3 

2 

28.9 

27-3 
24.1 

Johnson  

I 
2 
2 

I 

22.9 
30.5 
32.4 
17-4 

Early  ripe  

.  i 
i 

19.7 

IO 

Lehigb  

Beal  

3 

27.2 

i894.] 


WHEAT  EXPERIMENTS,   1893-94. 


Experiment  No.  65,   Wheat,  Quantity  of  Seed. 

Six  plats  were  sown  with  different  quantities  of  seed.  The  drill 
being  set  to  sow  from  3  to  9  pecks  per  acre,  but  it  is  probable  that  in  each 
case  a  somewhat  greater  quantity  was  sown.  The  largest  yield  was 
from  plats  sown  at  the  rate  of  four  pecks  per  acre ,  second  from  sowing 
six,  and  third  from  sowing  eight  pecks  per  acre.  The  plat  sown  at  the 
rate  of  seven  pecks  per  acre  was  injured  by  rabbits.  In  trials  for  five 
years  slightly  the  largest  yields  have  come  from  sowing  eight  pecks  per 
acre,  but  there  was  a  difference  of  only  one  bushel  per  acre  whether 
four,  six,  or  eight  pecks  were  sown.  Under  favorable  conditions  the 
thinner  sown  wheat  has  a  larger  number  of  stalks  per  stool. 

YIELDS  FROM  DIFFERENT  AMOUNTS  OF  SEED,  1893-94. 


3 
ST 

Amount  sown 

Wt.  100 
kernels, 
grams 

Stubs 
on 
i  sq.  ft. 

Lb.  per 
bu. 

Yield  per  acre. 

Lb. 
straw 

Grain, 
bu. 

62 

63 
61 

72 

7i 
70 

3  pk     per    acre  

3-12 

2.93 
3.23 
2.96 
3.05 
3.21 

55 
57 
56 
56 
60 
54 

62.5 

63 
62 

63 
62.5 
62 

3515 
4000 

3915 
3545 
4025 
4290 

39-2 
44-7 
43.7 
34-2 
42.2 
40.5 

4       '             •"         

6                    " 

7        '                " 

8       '             "          

9      '             "        

YIELD  OF  WHEAT  FROM  DIFFERENT  AMOUNTS  OF  SEED,  1888-89  to 


Yield  per  acre. 


Seed  per  acre  —  pecks 

1888-9 

1889-90 

1890-91 

1891-92 

1893-94 

Average 

CD 

?5 
$ 

c-9 

C  P. 

a' 

W 

?s 

$ 

2215 

2620 

2740 

2200 

cr? 
C  £ 
a 

24.6 
28.2 
26.3 
24*5 

CD 

F2 

4140 
4400 
4080 
4980 

0 

?S. 

•"  5' 

22 

23.7 
22.2 
28.3 

a: 

cr  ^ 
•  P 

«r? 

F  -. 
5' 

CD 

5s? 

3515 
4000 

a-? 

c  e 

0 

39.2 
44.7 

CO 

?5 

3290 
3631 
3719 
3778 

^ 

c  £?. 

5° 

28.6 

3i.5 
28.9 

31-7 

3 
4 

6 

7 
8 

9 

4560 
4700 
4750 

36.2 
38.3 
36.3 

2575 
3357 
3045 

24.7 
29 
25-9 

3915 

3545 
4025 
4290 

43.7 
34.2 
42.2 
40.5 

4540 

35-4 

2740 

28.3 

5100 

26.8 

2670 

27.8 

3815 

32.1 

G.  E.  MORROW,  A.M.,  Agriculturist. 

F.  D.  GARDNER,  B.S.,  Assistant  Agriculturist. 


412  BULLETIN  NO.  34.  [AugUSty 


EXPERIMENTS  WITH  OATS,  1894. 

Results  of  experiments  with  oats  on  the  Station  grounds  in  the  sea- 
son of  1894  are  here  reported.  Of  these  N'o.  84,  Oats,  Test  of  Varieties  y 
is  the  only  one  reported  in  detail. 

The  land  on  which  the  experiments  were  tried  was  fertile  prairie 
soil,  which  had  been  in  corn  in  1892  and  1893.  The  stalks  of  the  last 
crop  were  removed  and  the  land  was  plowed  about  5  in.  deep  in  the  late 
fall  of  1893.  The  plats,  48  in  number,  were  2  by  4  rods  or  1-20  of  an 
acre,  with  a  space  of  2  feet  between.  The  first  part  of  March  was  un- 
usually favorable  for  farm  work.  The  land  was  disked  once  with  a 
cut-away  disk  or  harrow,  and  plats  i  to  24  were  seeded  broadcast  at 
the  rate  of  2^  bu.  per  acre  March  i6th  and  lyth.  March  24th  plats 
25  to  32  were  sown.  All  the  plats  were  disked  once  after  sowing,  then 
harrowed,  clover  and  timothy  seed  was  sown,  and  then  the  plats  were  har- 
rbwed  again.  In  all  cases  the  seeding  was  at  the  rate  of  2 1^  bu.  of  32  Ib.  per 
acre,  except  with  plats  28  and  32.  On  plat  28,  3^  Ibs.,  and  on  plat  32,  2 
Ib.  were  sown.  March  25th,  26th,  and  27th  the  temperature  fell  to  a 
minimum  of  12,  10,  and  u  degrees.  The  severe  freezing  injured  all 
the  oats  to  some  extent,  but  to  a  much  greater  extent  on  some  plats  than 
on  others.  April  i4th  plats  i  to  24,  inclusive,  which  had  been  sown 
March  i6th  and  lyth,  were  re-sown  with  the  same  varieties  and  like 
amount  as  before.  The  oats  on  plats  25  to  32  did  not  seem  to  be  much 
injured,  and  were  allowed  to  remain. 

The  oats  ripened  and  were  harvested  from  July  I3th  to  2Oth.  Those 
on  four  plats  were  considerably  lodged;  on  one  all  were  lodged. 

Fifteen  varieties  were  sown  on  duplicate  plats.  Twelve  of  these 
varieties  had  been  selected  from  a  considerably  larger  number  tested  in 
previous  years.  The  duplicate  plats  in  all  cases  were  at  considerable 
distance  from  each  other,  with  the  design  of  equalizing  any  differences  in 
the  soil.  Except  for  slight  variations  in  elevation  and  exposure  the  soil 
of  all  the  plats  was  apparently  more  than  usually  uniform,  but  the  yields 
from  plats  of  the  same  variety  differed  in  a  marked  degree  in  a  number 
of  cases.  Two  varieties  were  tested  on  single  plats.  Duplicate  plats 
were  sown  with  each  of  three  mixtures  of  varieties  possessing  like  char- 
acteristics; also  duplicate  plats  with  oats  grown  on  plats  sown  with 
the  same  mixtures  in  1892.  Two  plats  were  rolled  after  being  sown. 
Two  plats  were  drilled,  the  quantity  of  seed  being  less  than  that  used 
in  sowing  broadcast,  owing  to  failure  of  the  drill  to  sow  the  desired 
quantity. 


1894-]  OATS  EXPERIMENTS,   1894.  4:3 

The  average  yield  of  the  48  plats  was  at  the  rate  of  62.3  bu.,  the 
range  being  from  40.8  bu.  to  75  bu.  per  acre.  Five  plats  gave  yields  of 
less  than  50,  and  7  of  over  70  bu.  each  per  acre.  The  average  yield  of 
the  32  plats  in  the  variety  test  was  63  bu.  per  acre.  The  average  weight 
per  bushel  from  all  the  plats  was  32.6  lb.,  range  being  from  28.5  to  37.7. 
These  weights  were  taken  as  threshed  and  without  special  cleaning. 
The  average  weight  of  100  berries  was  2.27  grams,  the  range  being  from 
1.71  to  2.70  grams.  This  gives  the  average  number  of  kernels  per 
bushel  appproximately  as  640,000,  the  range  being  from  537,000  to 
850,000. 

The  average  weight  of  straw  was  3,300  lb.  per  acre,  the  range  be- 
ing from  2,560  to  4,545.  The  average  number  of  stubs  on  one  square 
foot  was  44,  the  range  being  from  33  to  61.  The  average  height  of  the 
straw  was  37  in.,  the  range  being  from  31  to  42. 

As  in  former  years  the  different  varieties  were  found  to  vary  materi- 
ally in  the  per  cent  of  the  husk  surrounding  the  kernel  of  the  berries. 
The  average  per  cent  of  the  kernel  was  72.1,  the  range  being  from  66.8 
to  76.6.  This  variation  of  about  10  per  cent  is  less  than  has  been  found 
in  former  years. 

The  best  yielding  varieties  were:  Texas  rust  proof,  74  bu.  per 
acre;  Lincoln,  68.7  bu.;  Texas  red,  68.2  bu.;  New  Dakota  gray,  67.3 
bu.;  Calgary  gray,  67.6  bu.;  New  red  rust  proof,  67.1  bu.;  Ameri- 
can banner,  64.4  bu.;  Green  Mountain,  64.4  bu.;  Pringle's  progress, 
64.3  bu. 

In  trials  for  five  years  the  best  yielding  varieties  have  stood  in  fol- 
lowing order:  Pringle's  progress,  Texas  rust  proof,  New  Dakota  gray, 
New  red  rust  proof,  American  banner,  Improved  American.  Cal- 
gary gray  has  been  grown  two  seasons.  It  ranked  third  among  59 
varieties  in  1892. 

A  small  package  of  oats,  unnamed,  sent  by  Thomas  Weaver,  Nash- 
ville, Tenn.,  apparently  gave  a  good  yield,  and  ripened  ten  days  or  more 
in  advance  of  any  other  variety. 

Each  of  the  mixtures  of  varieties  gave  a  slightly  larger  yield  than 
the  average  yield  of  the  varieties  used  in  making  the  mixtures,  while 
the  yield  of  the  plats  sown  with  seed,  the  product  of  mixtures  in  1892, 
was  slightly  lower  than  the  average  yield  of  the  varieties  making  the 
mixture. 

Rolling  the  plats  after  the  seed  was  sown  did  not  seem  to  affect 
the  yield.  The  two  plats  drilled  instead  of  sown  broadcast  gave  yields 
much  below  the  average,  but  this  may  have  been  because  a  less  quan- 
tity of  seed  was  used. 

This  is  the  first  year  since  the  Station  was  established  in  which 
early  sown  oats  have  been  injured  by  frost.  Several  half  acre  plats,  not 
reported  upon,  which  were  sown  previous  to  the  severe  frost,  gave 
yields  of  from  50  to  60  bu.  per  acre. 


BULLETIN  NO.   34. 

SYNOPSIS  OF  VARIETIES 

f 


[August, 


fPringle's  progress  ____  64.  3 

Long.  J  Early  Dakota  ........  56.9 

1  Green  m°untain  .....  64.4 

[Lincoln  .............  68.7] 

Short  .  \  Superior  Scotch  .....  47.  i 


(  Texas  rust  proof  .....  74      ) 

[Dun.  .  •{  Long..-  New  red  rust  proof.  .67.1  f  69.8 
(  Texas  red  ...........  68.2) 


Long 


ImProved  American  .  .  62  .  i 


Medium  .-1  Panicles  open.  .  <{  White  ican  banner  .  .  .  .64  .4 

Short.  -{  Australian  ..........  54.4 


[Late 


Panicles  open. .  •{  White  •{  Short .  <J  Japan 60 . 3 


[  Panicles  close..  •{  Black.  -{ 


f  New  Dakota  gray. . .  .67.3 

1  Black  prolific 64 . 3  )  , 

',  Mammoth  clus  ter . . .  .  58 . 3  \      ' 3 


COMPARATIVE  YIELD  OF  VARIETIES  OF  OATS,  1894. 


Plat 

No. 

Name  of  Variety. 

Bu. 

Comparative  Yield. 

2  &   14 
28 

3&  15 
7&  19 
4&  16 
i  &  13 

12  &  24 

27&3I 

8  &  20 

6&  18 
ii  &  23 

5&i7 
9  &  21 
32 

IO  &  22 
26  &  30 
25  &  29 

Texas  rust  proof.  .  . 

74 

68.7 
68.2 
67.6 

67.3 
67.1 
64.4 
64.4 
64.3 
64-3 
62.  i 
62 
60.3 
58.3 
56.9 
54-4 
47.1 

Calsarv  fifrav 

New  Dakota  gray.  . 
New  red  rust  proof. 
American  banner... 
Green  mountain.  . 
Pringle's  progress.. 
Black  prolific  
Improved  American 
Black  Russian  
Taoan 

Mammoth  cluster.  . 
Early  Dakota 

Australian 

Superior  Scotch.  .  . 

The  yields  of  oats  in  1894  were  the  largest  that  have  been  grown 
at  the  Station  since  the  year  1891,  when  the  average  yields  from  55 
plats  was  66.6  bu.,  with  a  maximum  of  85  bu.  per  acre.  It  is  of  interest 
to  note  that  in  each  of  these  years  both  the  winter  and  the  growing 
season  for  the  oats  crop  had  a  rainfall  below  the  average,  and  were  with- 
out excessive  rain  in  any  one  month. 

The  experiments  in  previous  years  as  to  the  quantity  of  seed 
to  be  sown,  the  time  and  manner  of  sowing,  and  time  of  harvesting, 
gave  results  of  such  uniformity  that  it  was  not  thought  necessary  to  re- 


1894.] 


OATS  EXPERIMENTS,   1894. 


415 


r  c't. 
l  in  b 


m  o  OO        POO  mo        -f  mo  O  N  oo  o  r^  PO  -4-00  co  ooo        M  oo  oo  o  PO       N 
M  o^  m  -<t-  TJ-  PO  m  oo  POM   ooooooco   N  mM   •<»-  ro  o   o   MOO   M   o  N  •*••'*-  N 


J2   rt 

8- 

M.   en" 


ioo   ro  M   PO 


t^vo   -^  m  N   M   M 


ooO'oO'-'i-im 
O  t^  mvo   lOiow 


Per  cent. 
standing 
when  cut. 


oooooooooooooootnomiooooiomotomoooo 
oooo  o-^-o  OON  c\co  o^oava>oa>ot^w      CONO 


Stubs  per 

square 

foot. 


When  cut. 


PTO    PO  ro  C\  O\vO  O  O  VO  VO  O    PO  POVO  vO 


When 
ripe. 


Height 
inches 


M  m  TJ-VO  mvo 


.  PO  ir»  -*  O>  -^-vo  oo  vo   O   ONVO   Ooo 


Lb.  per 
bu. 


Lb.   straw 

per  bu. 

grain. 


CTi  >n  •»»-  po  M  t-^  TTOO  oo  m  POOO   o  Ooo  ino 

POVN     POM    ION    C^OO    NOO    W     CTiPOmmPOM 


POO>vO    POt^POPOVO     -<*-M 


£,      >•§, 


O 


S 


_       _  o  o  m 

*?_  5*99.  ,M  2»  5**P  ^  !O  O  M 


N    PON    PON 


O         t^vo 


vovOVO 


vovOVO         invovo          TJ- 


Mvo«n-«i-c^       vovot^O»>OM 


PONVON         MOOVONI^PO 


O  OO     fJ  mOO    t^fOMNMVONPOMNlO   'I-VO     POONNOOONNO  OO    N  00  00 
VOO    t-^t^-OO    r^OOOOO    f^OOOO    «OO    moo    t^«omTj-iri'^-OOO    10 


Per  cent 
germinated. 


OOOONOOOfOOmfOPONNO      •OOO>iOO>ONC*^l-'^-MMOO      -O 
OOOOOOOOOO  OOO    OOO     -OOOOOOOOOOOOOO     -O 


^        g 


OOOOOOOOOOOOO 


N     N    M     M     M    M     M    N    „     M    M  - 

OOOOOOOOOOOea..      g 


8    ^ 

s-  § 


,  a 
- 


:      :     S 

«:   §   s   « 
- 


1 


Plat  No       I   M  m  N  **"  ^  "^  ^^  "^  ^^  °°  ^  ^^ 


416 


BULLETIN  NO.   34. 


[August  i 


YIELDS  OF  MIXTURES,   1894. 


Pringle's  progress 64 . 3 

Early  Dakota 56 . 9 

Average 60.6 

Mixture  a 55.8 

Black  Russian 62 . 

New    Dakota  gray 67.3 

Average 64 .6 

Mixture   c 62.9 

New  Dakota  gray 67 . 3 

Improved   American 62 .  i 

Average 64 . 7 

Mixture  d 60 . 6 

Texas  red 68 . 2 

New  red  rust  proof 67 .  i 

Average 67 . 6 

Mixture 68.4 

Black  Russian 62 . 

Calgary  gray 67.6 

Average 64 . 8 

Mixture 70.8 

Early  Dakota 56 . 9 

Pringle's  progress 64 . 3 

Average 60 . 6 

Mixture 61.2 

Mixtures  a,  c,  and  d  made  in  1892. 


YIELD  OF  GRAIN  PER  ACRE  OF  ELEVEN  VARIETIES  TESTED  FOUR  YEARS. 


Texas  rust  proof. . . . 
Pringle's  progress... 
New  Dakota  gray.. . . 
New  red  rust  proof. . 

Texas  red 

Black  Russian 

American  banner.. . . 

Black  prolific 

Japan  

Improved  American. 

Early  Dakota 

Calgary  gray 


1890 


Rank      Bu 


i 

8 
5 

2 

6 

10 

9 

7 

ii 

3 


55-9 
48.1 

39-4 

45 

49-7 

40.6 

30.6 

35-9 

40.3 

25 


48.8 


Rank     Bu 


6 

2 
I 

8 

ii 

7 

5 

9 

3 

4 

10 


72.2 

79 

85 

64.6 

60.8 

70.8 

73-4 

68.7 

75-8 

75-2 

63.7 


1892 


Rank     Bu. 


9 

2 

7 
i 
8 
6 
3 
5 
10 

4 

ii 


41.2 

51-3 

41.7 

56.3 

41.7 

44-2 

48 

46.6 

39-i 
47-6 
38.2 
50.4 


1894 


Rank      Bu 


i 
6 
3 

4 

2 

9 
5 
7 

10 
8 

ii 


74 
64. 
67 
67, 


62 
64.4 

64-3 
60.3 
62.1 

56.9 
67.6 


Aver- 
age. 

60.8 
60.7 

58.3 
58.2 

55-1 
54-4 


53-9 
53-1 
52.6 

51-9 


peat  them.  The  general  conclusions  which  have  been  drawn  from 
these  experiments  may  be  restated  almost  as  they  were  given  in  the  bul- 
letin reporting  the  experiments  for  1893,  as  follows: 

The  results  of  the  experiments  with  oats  tried  at  this  Station  for  the 
last  seven  years  suggest  that  on  the  fertile  soil  of  central  eastern  Illinois 
we  may  expect  in  a  series  of  years  an  average  yield  an  acre  of  a  little 
over  50  bushels  of  grain  and  about  one  and  one-half  tons  of  straw,  the 
oats  weighing  rather  less  than  more  than  the  standard  weight  of  32  Ib. 


1894-]  OATS   EXPERIMENTS,   1894.  417 

a  bushel;  that  it  is  not  advisable  to  plow  the  land  in  the  spring  if  the 
crop  follows  corn,  the  use  of  the  disk  harrow  giving  better  results;  that 
the  seed  should  be  sown  near  the  last  of  March  or  first  of  April ;  that  if 
sown  broadcast  it  is  better  to  sow  from  two  and  one- half  to  three  and 
one-half  bushels  per  acre,  covering  the  seed  not  more  than  one  or  two 
inches  deep;  that  there  is  no  one  variety  greatly  superior  to  all  others, 
so  that  it  is  not  wise  to  put  full  credence  in  the  claims  often  made  for 
new  varieties;  that  some  varieties  are,  however,  distinctly  better  than 
some  others;  that  neither  color  nor  plumpness  of  kernels,  nor  weight  per 
bushel,  nor  the  form  of  the  head  certainly  determines  value;  but  that, 
generally,  varieties  with  long,  slender,  comparatively  light  kernels  have 
the  smallest  percentage  of  husk  and,  probably,  the  greatest  feeding 
value;  that  early  maturing  varieties  are  to  be  preferred  to  those  ripen- 
ing later;  that  it  is  desirable  to  harvest  the  crop  before  it  has  fully 
ripened ;  and  that  binding  and  shocking  the  sheaves  at  once  is  an  ad- 
vantage rather  than  a  disadvantage,  if  the  grain  is  in  fit  condition  for 
cutting. 

G.  E.  MORROW,  A.M.,  Agriculturist. 

F.  D.  GARDNER,  B.S.,  Assistant  Agriculturist. 


This  Station  has  no  seed  oats  for  sale. 


BULLETIN  NO.    34. 


[August, 


METEOROLOGICAL  RECORDS. 

A  summary  of  the  observation  on  rainfall  and  temperature,  made 
at  this  Station  for  the  six  years  ending  August  31,  1894,  ^s  herewith 
published.  This  period  is  too  short  to  make  it  safe  to  accept  the  results 
as  fairly  representing  the  usual  climatic  conditions  of  this  region.  Ex- 
cept for  the  year  1892,  the  rainfall  has  been  below  what  has  been 
accepted  as  average  for  central  Illinois.  The  rainfall  for  the  12  months 
from  July,  1893,  to  July,  1894,  was  remarkably  small  for  this  region — 

only  3T.T3  inrhrn.  nnri  for  the  fnllowinp*  T3  monthi  to  Tulv  T.-iSni  it 
•^••M.*.J  " ^  * •*•  o  i"v-"%"-'»  «»"••-»  M.\SM. tii^  *>-'"v  »T  "*&  *  **  "iv"*.j.ik»  *.v  j  "»j  j-  \  i  '-'y^T? 

-was  but  22.12  inches,  making  the.  total  for  the  two  yoarG  ending  Juno 
3Q)  1894^  but  43.3.5  inches*  It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  record  of 
rainfall  for  a  month  or  even  a  year  may  vary  considerably  at  points  not 
far  apart,  because  of  the  occurrence  or  failure  of  local  rains.  In  a  series 
of  years  these  differences  would  be  equalized.  The  total  rainfall  for  a 
year  or  a  month  does  not  necessarily  indicate  the  adaptation  of  the  season 
for  crops,  as  excessively  heavy  rains  may  make  the  total  seem  satis- 
factory, while  there  may  have  been  lack  of  moisture  between  these. 

The  highest  temperature  noted  is  99  deg.,  in  August  of  1891  and 
1894;  the  lowest — 21,  in  January,  1894.  The  mean  monthly  tempera- 
ture, during  the  crop  growing  season,  has  rarely  varied  greatly  from 
the  average  for  the  six  years,  June,  1889,  and  September,  1891,  being 
most  striking  exceptions. 


RAINFALL  IN   INCHES   AT  THE   ILLINOIS   AGRICULTURAL   EXPERIMENT   STATION   FOR 
THE  Six  YEARS  FROM  SEPT.  i,  1888,  TO  AUG.  31,  1894. 


' 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

April 

May 

June 

July 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Year. 

1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 

1893 
1894 

Total 

1.29 
2.74 
1.19 
•41 
•  93 
3-62 

1.38 
1.42 

2.35 
1.29 

•  93 
1.14 

2.81 
4.38 
1.63 
5.58 
4-95 
2.98 

4.72 
1.82 
.05 
1-53 
1.62 
1.09 

*IO.20 

34.88 
31.28 
26.73 
39-05 
32.27 

fi5-79 
190.20 

1.48 
5.26 
•99 
•79 
1.05 

1-95 

2.08 

1.87 
2.60 
2.64 
4.48 
1.32 

1.61 

2.70 
3-55 
2-59 
3.20 
2.41 

.61 

4.11 
3-54 
6-45 
7.68 
1.86 

5-52 
3.56 
•  89 
7.86 

4-83 
3-32 

6.81 
3.80 
2.08 
5.36 
1-55 
1.78 

5-8i 
2.83 
1.41 
2.50 
•  59 
i.  08 

.60 

1-93 
2.86 

2-45 
.06 
2.06 

10.83 

11.52 

15.00 

16.06 

24-25 

25.98 

21.38 

14.22 

9.96 

10.18 

8.51 

22.33 

Ave.. 

1.92 

2.50 

2.67 

4.04 

4-33 

3.56 

2-37 

1.66 

1.69 

1.42 

3.72 

i.  80 

31-70 

*  Four  months.        t  Eight  months. 


i894.] 


METEOROLOGICAL    RECORDS. 
METEOROLOGICAL   RECORDS. 


419 


TEMPERATURE,  DEGREES,  FAHRENHEIT. — SEPT.  i,  1888,  TO  AUG.  31,  1894. 


1888 
1889 

1890 
1891- 
1892 

1893. 
1894 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

Mean. 

Max. 

Min. 

Mean. 

Max. 

Min- 

Mean. 

Max. 

Min. 

Mean. 

Max. 

1 
Min. 

29.28 

33-5 
30.26 
19.2 
14-8 
29.4 

57 
66 

57 
57 
48 

64 

-2 

-5 
6 

-15 

-21 

23-36 
34-66 
30.45 
33 
25.8 

24-7 

53 
68 
61 
55 
5i 
53 

-7-5 
7 
-9 

* 
-5 

39-92 
33.35 
32.55 
36.1 
37-8 
43-5 

72 
61 
65 
69 
76 
77 

18 

2 

-I 
* 
# 

10 

51-9 

52.32 
52-78 
48.6 

49-3 
51-4 

75 
81 
81 
70.5 
75 
85 

25 
29 

22 
26 
30 
25 

Whole  period 

26.07 

66 

*-2I 

28.66 

68 

*-9 

37-20 

77 

*-I 

51.05 

85 

22 

1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 

1893 
1894 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

Mean. 

Max. 

Min. 

Mean. 

Max. 

Min. 

Mean. 

Max. 

Min. 

Mean. 

Max. 

Min. 

59-2 
58.27 
58-4 
57-9 
57-4 
59-6 

9i 
87 
9i 
82 
84 
89 

28 
33 
30 
36 
37 
32 

65-5 
74.56 
71.9 
70.6 

70.5 
73-4 

88 
96 
93 
94 
93 
97 

40 
47 
49 
5i 
53 
34 

72.7 
73-02 

70.  12 

73-3 

76-4 
73-8 

90-5 
97-5 
93 
96-5 
98 
98 

50 
45 
42 

46 
48 
47 

69.2 

68-74 
70.21 

71.5 
71.1 

72-3 

89 
96 
99 
94 
96 
99 

29-5 
44-5 
40 

47 
37 
4i 

Whole  period 

58.46 

9i 

28 

71.08 

97 

34 

73-22 

98 

42 

70.50 

99 

29-5 

1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 

1893 
1894 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December. 

Mean. 

Max. 

Min. 

Mean. 

Max. 

Min. 

Mean. 

Max. 

Min. 

Mean. 

Max. 

Min- 

59-9 
61.32 
60.46 
69.2 
63-9 
66.5 

89 

87.5 
89 
96 
87 
97 

3i 

32 

33 

41 
42 
3i 

47-2 
47-26 
52.07 
51-3 
53-6 
53-3 

75 
82 
76 
88.5 
88.5 
84 

23 
25 

27 
27 

19 

18 

39-6 
36.82 
42.62 
35-69 
34-8 
37-3 

75 
62 
68 

67 
64 

75 

13 
4 

21 
2 

6 

31-57 
42.71 
30.91 

37 
27.7 
30 

57 
66 

58 
60 
60 
63 

12 

15 

8 
n 

-6 

18 

Whole  period 

63-54 

97 

3i 

50.78 

88.5 

37-So 

75 

2 

33.31 

66 

-7 

*  The  record  is  incomplete. 

G.  E.  MORROW,  A.  M.,  Agriculturist. 

All  communications  intended  for  the  Station  should  be  addressed, 
not  to  any  person,  but  to  the 

AGRICULTURAL  EXPERIMENT  STATION,  CHAMPAIGN,  ILLINOIS. 

The  bulletins  of  the  Experiment  Station  will  be  sent  free  of  all 
charges  to  persons  engaged  in  farming  who  may  request  that  they 
be  sent. 


42O  BULLETIN    NO    34.  [August,    1894. 

ORGANIZATION. 


BOARD  OF  TRUSTEES  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS. 

NELSON  W.  GRAHAM,  Carbondale,  President. 
JOHN  P.  ALTGELD,  Springfield,  Governor  of  Illinois. 
DAVID  GORE,   Springfield,  President  State  Board  of  Agriculture. 
HENRY  RAAB,  Springfield,  Superintendent  Public  Instruction: 
FRANCIS  M.  McKAY,  Chicago.  ALEXANDER  McLEAN,  Macomb. 

SAMUEL  A.  BOLLARD,  Springfield.  RICHARD  P.  MORGAN,  Dwight. 

JOHN  H.  BRYANT,  Princeton.  NAPOLEON  B.  MORRISON,  Odin. 

JAMES  E.  ARMSTRONG,  Chicago.  ISAAC  S.  RAYMOND,  Sidney. 

ANDREW  S.  DRAPER,   LL.D.,  President  of  the  University. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTION  OF  THE  EXPERIMENT  STATION. 

*GEORGE  E.  MORROW,  A.M.,  Champaign,  Professor  of  Agriculture,  President. 
E.  E.  CHESTER,  Champaign,  of  State  Board  of  Agriculture. 

E.  A.  RIEHL,  Alton,  of  State  Horticultural  Society. 
H.  B.  GURLER,  DeKalb,  of  State  Dairymen's  Association. 

N.  B.  MORRISON,  Odin,  Trustee  of  the  University. 
ISAAC  S.  RAYMOND,  Sidney,  Trustee  of  the  University. 

*THOMAS  J.  BURRILL,  PH.D.,  Urbana,  Professor  of  Botany  and  Horticulture. 
STEPHEN  A.  FORBES,  PH.D.,  Urbana,  Professor  of  Zoology. 

THE  STATION  STAFF. 

*GEORGE  E.  MORROW,  A.M.,  Agriculturist,  President  of  Board  of  Direction. 

WILLIAM  L.  PILLSBURY,  A.M.,  Champaign,  Secretary. 

THOMAS  J.  BURRILL,  PH.D.,  Horticulturist  and  Botanist. 

STEPHEN  A.  FORBES,  PH.D.,  Consulting  Entomologist. 

DONALD  McINTOSH,  V.S.,  Consulting  Veterinarian. 
GEORGE  W.  McCLUER,  M.S.,  Assistant  Horticulturist. 

GEORGE  P.  CLINTON,  M.S.,  Assistant  Botanist. 

FRANK  D.  GARDNER,  B.S.,  Assistant  Agriculturist. 

WILL  A.   POWERS,  B.S.,  Assistant  Chemist. 

*Professor  Morrow  has  resigned  both  the  presidency  of  the  Board  of  Direction  and  his  position 
as  agriculturist  of  the  Station.  Professor  Burrill  succeeds  him  as  President  of  the  Board  of 
Direction  after  September  ist. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS-URBANA 


